Studio hire and agency costs are some of the factors, other factors are the Music royalties as you need to maintain permission of the composition to ensure it its covered by copyright, there are three categories for copyright licences and related royalties :
Mechanical- Permission to reproduce, Record companies,artists, as well as the writers and publishers all make money based on numbers sold.
Performance-licence giving permission to broadcast/perform live, the royalties are paid the the artist,writer and publisher whenever the song is played or performed.
Print- Royalties are paid to writer and publisher based on sales of sheet music.
Voice over artist fees also make up the budget for a radio advertising campaign, the fees will depend on whether the voice is a celebrity voice, the type of voice over session and the amount of skill and experience, for example using a celebrity voice over or someone with more experience and skill will cost more.
Other factors are where and when the recording will be broadcast, a buy-out is an agreement where the voice gets an additional fixed fee in exchange for releasing the rights to his/her voice, therefore the voice over can be repeated as many times as the company wants.
Traffic ( scheduling & billing)
When a commercial is broadcast it affects how much it would cost, drive time is the prime time of the radio, where audience figures are higher, for example in the mornings between 6-9am where most people are on their way to work and school, and late afternoons/evenings when people are on their way home, to broadcast an advert during this time would cost more than it would during a 'graveyard slot' where there are lower audience figures because less people would actually here your advert because its a time where the least people are driving or listening to the radio- so less chance of your advert being heard.
2. What is a music bed and what are the 3 types?
A music bed is part or all of a jingle where there is no vocalist, or the music played in the background of an advert.
The 3 types of music bed are Production music via CD or created on software such as garage band, another type of music bed is Library music, also known as production music Production Music is music written & recorded specifically for synchronization with a radio advert or audio, the last type of music bed is live music, where the music is recorded with the speech using a live band or single musician.
3. Why would you use a music bed, rather than a pop song in your radio advert?
It would be better to use a music bed rather than a pop song in my radio advert as i could create a music bed or jingle myself or hire someone to record a jingle for me which would cost less than using a pop song, as I would have to deal with copyright issues as well as the music royalties.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of producing your radio advert using only the production facilities at:
A) the radio station its self
- an advantage of using a radio station is that you can easily produce a quality radio commercial for two or three hundred pounds, your local radio station should be able to help you and also give you a price if you require other services such as music production, celebrity voices or broadcast on multiple stations, also the script writing offered by a station is free on the agreement that they produce the commercial, a disadvantage of this is that the copyright of the script remains the property of the station, therefore if you get it produced else where there is a risk of you being sued, which is a disadvantage.
B) an external production house
An advantage of using an external production house is that the price of technology and equipment has gone down so much that someone could be able to make the radio advert in their own bedroom, or in fact you could make and produce a radio advert yourself therefore it wouldn't really cost you much compared to producing your advert at a radio station,a disadvantage is that sometimes the quality can be very bad due to not having the correct equipment that would usually be required in a professional recording studio, therefore it wouldn't have a professional quality to it, and radio stations may not air your advert, also production houses do not use experience radio writers so you might not have as much of a good script compared to if you were to get it written by a professional.
5. What facilities are available in college for recording and creating your advert?
The facilities available in college are the recording studio or also voice recorders, there are also macs available for editing with programs such as reaper where I will be able to cut the voiceovers if there are any mistakes, I would also be able to fade the music into the voice overs, and also add effects, such as changing the pitch of the voiceovers.
6. What are the studio facilities,requirements and limitations in terms of the following ?
Time- You may be limited to recording time as the recording studio would have to be booked by asking another member of staff at the college, and if the recording studio is very busy you might be even more limited to the time slot you get to record.
Audio hardware- To record the facilities available at the college are the voice recorders or the recording studio which is equipped with more than one microphone and a computer that has the correct editing software, microphones (one) and also the laptops which you can record your voice overs straight onto reaper, which are all available upon request.
Audio software- On the macs there is software such as reaper available to edit your recordings, whereby we can add in music beds, add sound effects such as slowing down the voice over, and also cutting parts of your recordings if you have made any errors or want to make your advert shorter to fit into the advertising slot for radio commercials when it is being broadcast on a radio station.
Technical support- For technical support you can ask a member of staff who works in the media department of the college, they would be able to help you with recording and working the equipment you don't know how to use, they could also help you edit your advert if you don't know how to do something for example a special effect, they could show you.
An advantage of using an external production house is that the price of technology and equipment has gone down so much that someone could be able to make the radio advert in their own bedroom, or in fact you could make and produce a radio advert yourself therefore it wouldn't really cost you much compared to producing your advert at a radio station,a disadvantage is that sometimes the quality can be very bad due to not having the correct equipment that would usually be required in a professional recording studio, therefore it wouldn't have a professional quality to it, and radio stations may not air your advert, also production houses do not use experience radio writers so you might not have as much of a good script compared to if you were to get it written by a professional.
5. What facilities are available in college for recording and creating your advert?
The facilities available in college are the recording studio or also voice recorders, there are also macs available for editing with programs such as reaper where I will be able to cut the voiceovers if there are any mistakes, I would also be able to fade the music into the voice overs, and also add effects, such as changing the pitch of the voiceovers.
6. What are the studio facilities,requirements and limitations in terms of the following ?
Time- You may be limited to recording time as the recording studio would have to be booked by asking another member of staff at the college, and if the recording studio is very busy you might be even more limited to the time slot you get to record.
Audio hardware- To record the facilities available at the college are the voice recorders or the recording studio which is equipped with more than one microphone and a computer that has the correct editing software, microphones (one) and also the laptops which you can record your voice overs straight onto reaper, which are all available upon request.
Audio software- On the macs there is software such as reaper available to edit your recordings, whereby we can add in music beds, add sound effects such as slowing down the voice over, and also cutting parts of your recordings if you have made any errors or want to make your advert shorter to fit into the advertising slot for radio commercials when it is being broadcast on a radio station.
Technical support- For technical support you can ask a member of staff who works in the media department of the college, they would be able to help you with recording and working the equipment you don't know how to use, they could also help you edit your advert if you don't know how to do something for example a special effect, they could show you.
Annouska, you have shown through this work so far that you are able to explain the key stages of production with reference to relevant terminology and examples. In order to achieve a grade for this task you will need to address the final point by answering the question in relation to the facillities available within the college e.g. radio studio, voice recorders and audio editing facilities available on the Mac computers.
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